151_SaunhitaMijar_IM21_SectionB

Theory x ('authoritarian management' style)

• The average person dislikes work and will avoid it he/she can.
• Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives.
• sThe average person prefers to be directed; to avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else.

Theory y ('participative management' style)

• Effort in work is as natural as work and play.
• People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment.
• Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement.
• People usually accept and often seek responsibility.
• The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population.
• In industry the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilised.

Theory Y Managers assume NOT LAZY workers as NOT LAZY and make them work
The implications of such management are:

• Workers are given good roles and responsibilities and expected to deliver the same.
• Workers try to bring up their ideas and innovations on the common platform which are respected and discussed.
• Workers feel secured and comfortable. The personal satisfaction and monetary rewards make employees happy.
• Such practices develop Theory X principles in the workers itself and they practice the same when they reach top management.

What type of Manager you should be depends upon the environment you are working. But the research says the type Y managers are successful because they don't force their workers and are ever encouraging. this practice is now being followed in most of the industry and it is yielding results.

Learning from this:

According to Theory X, managers believe workers

•dislike work

•lack ambition

•are irresponsible

•are resistant to change

•prefer to be led

According to Theory Y, managers believe workers

•are willing to work

•are capable of self control

•accept responsibility

•are imaginative and creative

•self-directed